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"Attractive to the degree of fascination.”

Studies in Philology.

By FREDERIC GARLANDA, Ph.D.,

Prof. of English and Anglo-Saxon in the University of Rome, Italy.

1.—PHILOSOPHY OF WORDS.

A POPULAR INTRODUCTION TO THE SCIENCE OF LANGUAGE.

12mo. Cloth. Price, $1.50.

SUMMARY: I.-Introduction. II.-Sounds and Language. III.The English Language: HOUSEHOLD WORDS, CHURCH WORDS, WORDS OF SOCIETY, POLITICAL WORDS. IV.-Comparative Grammar. V.Outlines of the History of the Science of Language. VI.-The question of the Origin of Language. VII.-Comparative Mythology. VIII.-Languages and Races: Local and Family Names. IX.-Language and Education.

It is the only work which explains in a really popular way the latest results of the Science of Language.

"I read it with much interest, and recommended it to the young men at Oxford."-Max Muller.

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It is not extravagant to say that it reads like a romance. The Philosophy of Words is pre-eminently a volume for the library table and for the pocket of an habitual reader. The author calls it a popular introduction to the science of language,' and in that field it is probably unrivalled."-R. H. Stoddard.

II. THE FORTUNES OF WORDS.

TWENTY LETTERS TO A LADY ON THE LIFE, GROWTH AND CHANGES OF WORDS.

12mo. Cloth. Price, $1.50.

It describes in very attractive style the changes in signification that have come over words, and gives a popular account of the latest results of philological research.

EXTRACT FROM TABLE OF CONTENTS:-Science of Language; Etymology and History of Words; The Idea of Root; Changes in Personal and Local Names; History and Connection of Familiar Words; Development of Ethical Feelings studied in Words; Superstitions of Language; Slang-its Merits and Demerits.

A. LOVELL & CO., PUBLISHERS,

3 East 14th Street, New York.

Published Bi-Monthly. Annual Subscription, 60 Cents.

American

History Leaflets

COLONIAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL.

EDITED BY

ALBERT BUSHNELL HART AND EDWARD CHANNING OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

NO. 2.

MARCH, 1892.

THE OSTEND MANIFESTO,

1854.

NEW YORK

A. LOVELL & COMPANY

1892.

Entered at the New York Post Office as second class matter.

COPYRIGHT, 1892, BY A. LOVELL & COMPANY.

HISTORY, AND SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.

Handbook of Dates. By HENRY CLINTON BROWN. 12 mo. Cloth. viii+182 pp. Price.

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Arranged alphabetically and chronologically, comprising all the important events from the earliest ages to within the present decade.

The Honors of the Empire State in the War of the Rebellion.
By THOS. S. TOWNSEND. Large 12 mo. Cloth. 416 pp. Price...2 50
A history of the military operations of the Empire State during the Civil War.
Who? When? And What? Six Centuries of Men and Events.
In Chart form. Price, in Duck case, 50 cents; Leather case........
Political Economy for American Youth. By J. HARRIS PATTON.
12 mo. Cloth. viii+298 pp. Price....

It advocates the adoption and maintenance of an economic system suited to American conditions, while at the same time recognizing at their full value commercial and industrial relations with foreign nations. The principles advanced are re-enforced by citations from our national history.

The Eight Hours Day.

By SIDNEY WEBB and HAROLD COX.
Price....

12 mo. viii+280 pp. Paper covers.
The question is discussed in its historical, economic, and social aspects, and
contains a bibliography for further research.

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Civics for Young Americans. By Wм. M. GIFFIN. Large 12 mo.

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The author shows in a strikingly novel and interesting way, and in language intelligible to a ten-year-old boy, the necessity of government, the different forms of government and the advantages of our government over all others.

Civil Government. By R. E. CLEMENT. 232 pp. Price.....

50

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12 mo. Cloth. xiv+

84

A brief and lucid treatise on the Federal Constitution, and the Colonial, Revolutionary and Confederate Governments which preceded it.

English Political Orations from Wentworth to Macaulay. Edited, with Introduction, by WILLIAM CLARKE. 12 mo. xvi+312 pp. Cloth, uncut, price, 40 cents; red roan, $1.25; half morc., g. t..I 50 Great speeches on great themes by famous English statesmen. The selection covers a period from 1576 to 1831.

For sale by all booksellers, or sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of the price. A. LOVELL & CO., PUBLISHERS,

521 Wabash Ave., Chicago.

3 East 14th Street, New York.

American History Leaflets.

COLONIAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL.

No. 2.-MARCH, 1892.

THE OSTEND MANIFESTO, 1854.

From the beginning of the dissolution of the Spanish power in America, American statesmen have cast longing eyes upon Cuba. Its nearness, its fertility, its mineral wealth and its command of the Gulf of Mexico have made it desirable. These general reasons were reinforced by the annexation of Louisiana in 1803, and of the Floridas in 1819, suggesting further extensions of territory at the expense of Spain. After the successful revolt of Mexico in 1822 had destroyed the power of Spain on the continent, Jefferson in a letter to President Monroe, Oct. 24, 1823, said: "I candidly confess that I have ever looked on Cuba as the most interesting addition which could be made to our system of States." An additional reason for the interest of the United States was a fear that Great Britain might secure the island. About 1823 our minister to Spain was instructed to notify the Spanish government that we should resent a transfer to any other power. This state of suspicion continued for more than twenty years. About 1845 a new reason for annexation arose, in the desire of Southern statesmen to secure more slaveholding territory. In 1848 an offer of one hundred million dollars for Cuba was made by the United States; the reply of the Spanish government was that "Sooner than see the island transferred to any Power they would prefer seeing it sunk in the ocean.”

During the years 1848-1850 several attempts were made to bring about a revolution in Cuba, and expeditions were fitted out in the United

States to assist this movement. President Taylor resolutely interfered but the disturbing effect in Europe was such that, on April 23, 1852, the English and French ambassadors to the United States joined in asking this government to unite with them in a tripartite guaranty of Cuba to Spain.

On Dec. 1, Secretary Everett in behalf of President Fillmore formally declined to enter into such a guaranty. The question now began to spring up in debates in Congress. On the other hand American vessels trading with Cuba were exposed to arbitrary annoyances and even seizures, and reparation was refused by Spain.

Partly as a threat, to bring about a settlement of claims for these aggressions, and partly as an announcement of a spirited foreign policy, President Pierce in 1854 directed our ministers to Spain, England and France-Soulé, Buchanan and Mason-" To compare opinions and to adopt measures for perfect concert of action in aid of the negotiations at Madrid." The three envoys assembled at Ostend, Oct, 8, 1854, whence they later adjourned to Aix-la-Chapelle. There they completed and published the document which follows. The United States was just passing through the Congressional election of 1854, the result of which was the formation of a new political party pledged to resist the extension of slavery. In Europe the Crimean war for several years absorbed attention. The Ostend Manifesto had therefore less effect than had been hoped But as late as 1860 the Breckenridge and Douglas Democratic platforms both contained planks in favor of the annexation of Cuba.

The Manifesto was published in the European and American press at the time. It has been reprinted in Cluskey's Political Text-Book or. Encyclopedia pp. 478-481 (Philadelphia, 1860). The official text with the correspondence is to be found in House Executive Documents, 33 Cong. 2 Sess., Vol. X. Doc. 93.

AIX LA CHAPELLE, October 18, 1854. SIR: The undersigned, in compliance with the wish expressed by the President in the several confidential despatches you have addressed to us, respectively, to that effect, have met in conference, first at Ostend, in Belgium, on the 9th, 10th, and 11th instant, and then at Aix la Chapelle, in Prussia, on the days next following, up to the date hereof.

There has been a full and unreserved interchange of views and sentiments between us, which we are most happy to inform you has resulted in a cordial coincidence of opinion on the grave and important subjects submitted to our consideration.

We have arrived at the conclusion, and are thoroughly convinced, that an immediate and earnest effort ought to be made by the government of the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain at any price for which it can be obtained, not exceeding the sum of $

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