Topographic Effects in Stratified FlowsCambridge University Press, 2022 M01 27 Covering both theory and experiment, this text describes the behaviour of homogeneous and density-stratified fluids over and around topography. Its presentation is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in fluid mechanics, as well as for practising scientists, engineers, and researchers. Using laboratory experiments and illustrations to further understanding, the author explores topics ranging from the classical hydraulics of single-layer flow to more complex situations involving stratified flows over two- and three-dimensional topography, including complex terrain. A particular focus is placed on applications to the atmosphere and ocean, including discussions of downslope windstorms, and of oceanic flow over continental shelves and slopes. This new edition has been restructured to make it more digestible, and updated to cover significant developments in areas such as exchange flows, gravity currents, waves in stratified fluids, stability, and applications to the atmosphere and ocean. |
Contents
| 1 | |
classical hydraulics | 16 |
jumps bores and wave dispersion | 56 |
4 Twolayer flow with jumps and topography | 95 |
5 Twolayer and stratified flow through contractions | 129 |
6 Exchange flows | 148 |
7 Gravity currents downslope and anabatic flows and stratified hydraulic jumps | 172 |
8 Waves in stratified fluids | 196 |
linear and nearlinear theory | 261 |
nonlinear hydraulic models with applications | 321 |
linear theory | 390 |
13 Threedimensional stratified flow over finite obstacles | 433 |
14 Flow over complex and realistic terrain in the atmosphere and ocean | 486 |
15 Applications to practical modelling of flow over complex terrain | 505 |
| 520 | |
| 542 | |
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Common terms and phrases
amplitude applies approximately assume atmosphere Baines becomes blocked bottom boundary cause Chapter complex constant continuous corresponding critical curve decreases denotes density depends depth described direction discussed disturbances downstream drag effects energy equations example experiments expressed field finite flow fluid flux follows forcing function given gives gravity height Hence horizontal hydraulic jump hydrostatic implies increases initial instability integral interface internal waves lateral layer limit linear lower maximum mean mode motion moving Nh/U non-linear observed obstacle obtained occurs past pattern periodic permission possible pressure propagating properties range region relative represented scale separation shape shown in Figure shows side similar situation slope solution speed stationary steady stratified stream streamline studies supercritical surface theory topography turbulent two-dimensional uniform upper upstream velocity vertical wake wave zero