Coinage in Ancient India: A Numismatic Archaeochemical and Metallurgical Study of Ancient Indian Coins

According acid added alloy amount analyses ancient Ancient India appears Assyria bronze Caley called Candragupta cast cent century characters chemical coinage composition contained continued copper coins corrosion Cunningham currency described determination discs dynasty earliest early electrum empire equal evidence examination example face figure four given gives gold coins grains Greek Gupta hoard important India indicate inscription interesting iron issued Journ king known Kuṣāņa later lead legend marks means measures mentioned metal method MICHIGAN Microstructure moulds Numis objects obtained obverse original percentage period Persian pieces Plate possible present probably proportion punch-marked coins refers reign represent reverse Roman round rule sample says seen shown side silver coins similar Skandagupta solution standard struck structure surface symbols Table talent term tion usually various weight