which so manifestly, in contempt of profit which so many admire, and in merit of the world which so many include in themselves; set forth in my simplicity of speech, with much loss of lustre, but with near approach of truth; as the sun is seen in the water.

If this be presumption, let him bear the blame that owneth the verses. What shall I speak of her rare qualities of compliment; which as they be excellent in the things themselves, so they have always besides somewhat of a queen: and as queens use shadows and veils with their rich apparel, methinks in all her qualities there is somewhat that flieth from ostentation, and yet inviteth the mind to contemplate her more.

What should I speak of her excellent gift of speech, being a character of the greatness of her conceit, the height of her degree, and the sweetness of her nature? What life, what edge is there in those words and glances wherewith at pleasure she can give a man long to think; be it that she mean to daunt him, to encourage him, or to amaze him! How admirable is her discourse, whether it be in learning, state, or love! What variety of knowledge, what rareness of conceit, what choice of words, what grace of utterance! Doth it not appear, that though her wit be as the adamant of excellences, which draweth out of any book ancient or new, out of any writing or speech, the best; yet she refineth it, she enricheth it far above the value wherein it is received? And is her speech only that language which the child learneth with pleasure, and not those which the studious learn with industry? Hath she not attained, besides her rare eloquence in her own language, infinitely polished since her happy times, changes of her language both learned and modern? So that she is able to negotiate with di vers ambassadors in their own languages; and that with no disadvantage unto them, who I think cannot but have a great part of their wits distracted from their matters in hand to the contemplation and admiration of such perfections. What should 1 wander on to speak of the excellences of her nature, which cannot endure to be looked on with a discontented eye: of the constancy of her favours, which maketh service as a journey by land, whereas the service of other princes is like an embarking by sea. For her royal wisdom and policy of government, he that shall note and observe the prudent temper she useth in admitting access; of the one side maintaining the majesty of her degree, and on the other side not prejudicing herself by looking to her estate through too few windows: her exquisite judgment in choosing and finding good servants, a point be

:

yond the former: her profound discretion in assigning and appropriating every of them to their aptest employment: her penetrating sight in discovering every man's ends and drifts: her wonderful art in keeping servants in satisfaction, and yet in appetite: her inventing wit in contriving plots and overturns: her exact caution in censuring the propositions of others for her service her foreseeing events: her usage of occasions :-he that shall consider of these, and other things that may not well be touched, as he shall never cease to wonder at such a queen, so he shall wonder the less, that in so dangerous times, when wits are so cunning, humours extravagant, passions so violent, the corruptions so great, the dissimulations so deep, factions so many, she hath notwithstanding done such great things, and reigned in felicity.

To speak of her fortune, that which I did reserve for a garland of her honour; and that is, that she liveth a virgin, and hath no children; so it is that which maketh all her other vir tues and acts more sacred, more august, more divine. Let them leave children that leave no other memory in their times. "Brutorum æternitas, soboles." Revolve in histories the memories of happy men, and you shall not find any of rare felicity but either he died childless, or his line spent soon after his death, or else was unfortunate in his children. Should a man have them to be slain by his vassals, as the posthumus of Alexander the Great was? or to call them his imposthumes, as Augustus Cæsar called his? Peruse the catalogue: Cornelius Sylla, Julius Cæsar, Flavius Vespasianus, Severus, Constantinus the Great, and many more. "Generare et liberi, humana: creare et operari, divina."

In the Low Countries, the Lammas-day, the retreat of Ghent, the day of Zutphen, and the prosperous progress of this summer; the bravado in Portugal, and the honourable exploits in the aid of the French king, besides the memorable voyages in the Indies; and lastly, the good entertainment of the invincible navy, which was chased till the chasers were weary, after infinite loss, without taking a cock-boat, without firing a sheepcot, sailed on the mercies of the wind and the discretion of their adventures, making a perambulation or pilgrimage about the northern seas, and ignobling many shores and points of land by shipwreck; and so returned home with scorn and dishonour much greater than the terror and expectation of their setting forth.

These virtues and perfections, with so great felicity, have made her the honour of her times, the admiration of the world,

the suit and aspiring of greatest kings and princes, who yet durst never have aspired unto her, but as their minds were raised by love.

But why do I forget that words do extenuate and embase matters of so great weight? Time is her best commender, which never brought forth such a prince, whose imperial virtues contend with the excellency of her person; both virtues contend with her fortune, and both virtue and fortune contend with her fame.

"Orbis amor, famæ carmen, cœlique pupilla;

Tu decus omne tuis, tu decus ipsa tibi!"

The piece entitled 'The Praise of Henry Prince of Wales' (In Henricum Principem Wallio Elogium Francisci Baconi), was first published in the original Latin, by Birch, along with an English Translation of his own, in his 'Letters, Speeches, &c., of Francis Bacon,' 1763.

PART II.

BACON'S PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS.

INTRODUCTION.

ALL Bacon's philosophical writings may be reduced to the scheme of his Instauratio Magna-may be arranged as either parts or appendages of that work. The spacious plan of the Instauratio, as sketched by Bacon himself, comprehends alike those of them that were published before it was conceived or announced, and whatever he afterwards wrote.

In our examination or analvsis. therefore, of these writings, we shall take them in the order in which they stand, or may most naturally be placed, in the Instauratio; but it will be convenient, for clearness of reference, that we also enumerate here the successive dates at which they were severally published.

The Fragment of the Colours of Good and Evil, otherwise entitled 'Places of Persuasion and Dissuasion, was published, with the first edition of the Essays, in 1597. This tract, as we shall find, has been incorpo rated by Bacon himself in the De Augmentis Scientiarum, or First Part of the Instauratio.

The Two Books of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning,' were published in English in 1605. They were afterwards expanded by the author into the Nine Books of the Latin Treatise De Augmentis Scientiarum.

The Latin treatise De Sapientia Veterum' (Of the Wisdom of the Ancients), of which an account has already been given among the Moral Works, may also be noticed here, as being in part incorporated with the De Augmentis Scientiarum. It was published by itself in

1610.

The Novum Organum Scientiarum,' forming the Second Part of the Instauratio, was published in Latin in 1620. It was accompanied not only by its own proper Preface, but also by a Preface and other Prolegomena to the entire Instauratio, including, in particular, what is entitled the Distributio Operis, or exposition of the Six Parts of which that great work was to consist. was the first announcement of the Instauratio Magna.

This

In 1622 was published a portion of the Third Part of the Instauratio, under the title of Francisci Baconis de Verulamio, Vice-Comitis Sancti Albani, Historia Naturalis et Experimentalis ad Condendam Philosophiam; sive Phænomena Universi: Quæ est Instaurationis Magnæ Pars Tertia.' It consisted of the 'Historia Ventorum' (History of the Winds), with the Aditus, or Prefaces, of five other similar histories.

6

This volume was followed in 1623 by the Historia Vitæ et Mortis' (History of Life and Death), another of the Six Histories intended for the Third Part of the Instauratio.

In the same year, 1623, was published the entire treatise De Dignitate et Augmentis Scientiarum' (On the Dignity and Advancement of the Sciences), in Nine Books; being a translation into Latin and expansion of the Two Books of the Advancement of Learning, and forming the First Part of the Instauratio. This was the last portion of the Instauratio published by Bacon himself.

In 1627, after Bacon's death, his chaplain, Dr. Rawley, published the Ten Centuries of his "Sylva Sylvarum, or Natural History,' in English, designed to form another portion of the Third Part of the Instauratio. It had been prepared for the press, and Rawley's Preface to it had been written, before the death of the author.

In 1653 Isaac Gruter published at Amsterdam, in a