In the meantime education was very much in the state in which Dr. Mouat found it in 1844, and the reasons which were considered valid in the dispatch referred to were equally valid when the project originated so many years earlier. This dispatch is known to have been the work of Lord Northbrook, when Private Secretary to Lord Halifax at the Board of Control, and it does little more than embody Dr. Mouat's ideas.

So far as the University itself is concerned, the Court of Directors adopted the scheme of Dr. Mouat in every essential particular-the University of London, modified by local circumstances, being the model followed.

Immediately on receipt of the dispatch, sub-committees were appointed in Calcutta to draw up a rough draft of a scheme for degrees in Arts, Law, Medicine, and Civil Engineering. They discussed the question in great detail, and submitted their draft of rules to the Governments of Bengal, Madras, Bombay, and the North West Provinces, for their observations. They again obtained opinions from many local officers of experience, and the whole was finally discussed and considered in Calcutta; and on the 9th of July, 1856, Sir James Colvile, now one of the most eminent Judges of the Privy Council, then President of the University Committee, submitted to the Government of India "a report of the proceedings of the Committee from their appointment to the present. timé, and of the scheme, which, after mature and careful deliberation, they have resolved to recommend."

This was approved by the Government in a resolution dated the 12th of December, 1856, which stated that "the thanks of the Government are largely due to the members of the Committee for the

careful and complete manner in which they have discharged their trust, amongst pressing avocations and claims upon their time, which can have left little room for additional labours. The work has been admirably performed, and the Governor-General in Council has no hesitation in adopting, unreservedly, the scheme of the Committee."

On the 24th of January, 1857, the year of the Sepoy Mutiny, Act II. of 1857 was passed by the Legislative Council of India, establishing and incorporating a University of Calcutta, for ascertaining, by means of examination, the persons who have acquired proficiency in different branches of Literature, Science, and Arts, and of rewarding the persons who had exhibited that proficiency by academic degrees; and thus the establishment of Universities in India became an accomplished fact.

That the dispatch of 1854, the labours of the committees of 1855 and 1856, and the legislation of 1857, should all have been on the lines traced by Dr. Mouat in 1844, speaks highly for the sagacity and prevision of that officer, and establishes beyond dispute that he is the originator of Universities in India. No honour in the power of the Crown to bestow-and we are not aware that any public honour has ever been awarded to that officer -can equal the distinction fairly attributable to the facts above recorded, which were gratefully acknowledged by the Hindus and Mahommedans of Calcutta in their addresses to him when he left India, and resigned the service in 1870.

One word, in conclusion, as to the success of the University of Calcutta. In the ten years following its institution nearly 11,000 students presented themselves for examination, of whom 243 had obtained the degree of Bachelor of

Two Prize Essays on the Disuse of the Athanasian Creed in the Services of the Church of England. By Charles Pebody, Author of "Authors at Work," and Courtney Stanhope Kenny, LL.B., Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge. London, Williams & Norgate.-These are very able and exhaustive essays, a vast deal of information being conveyed in a small space. The subject, indeed, is thoroughly discussed historically, critically, and theologically, and in a most commendable spirit. The conclusion of both essayists is adverse to the continuance of the use of the Creed in the services of the Church; their reasons are fairly stated, and they write with an entire freedom from the virus that too frequently permeates theological controversies. Even those who may dissent from the conclusions of the writers must admire the ability, candour, and completeness with which they have stated their views, leaving in this respect nothing to be desired.

The University of Dublin viewed in Relation to her Promotion of Original Research. By Arthur Warren Samuels, Sch.. T.C.D. Dublin: E. Ponsonby.-An essay, the author tells us, the substance of which is contained in this publication was successful in the competition, in 1875, for the ViceChancellor's prize in English prose. Since then the seventh report of the Royal Commissioners on Scientific Instruction has been pub

lished, and as, in his opinion, their remarks upon Trinity College, Dublin, do not convey the impression that their investigation was conducted with the same careful inquiry into details as was used in the case of of Oxford and Cambridge, and believing that Trinity College is not above criticism in the assistance it renders to Original Investigation, considering the subject to be one of the utmost importance, feeling certain, too, that its furtherance in Ireland is desired by members of our University, and seeing that at the present moment Trinity College is, under its new regimé, in a state of transition, he has been induced to publish this pamphlet, more in the hope of drawing the attention of abler minds to some inefficiencies in our academic machinery than in the assurance that the remedies he suggests are the sole or best possible improvements that can be effected.

Such is the author's own statement of the object of his publication, and it is sufficient for us to say that his suggestions are well worthy of attentive consideration. He writes with a complete mastery of his subject, and his views on the whole are sound and practical.

Debrett's Illustrated Peerage and Titles of Courtesy of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 1876.

Debrett's Illustrated Baronetage, with the Knightage of the United Kingdom. 1876. London: Dean