nion and apprehension; the third is example; the fourth is, when one affection is heated and corrected by another, as cowardice by shame; "and lastly, when all these means or any of them have new-framed or formed human wits, then doth custom and habit corroborate and confirm all the rest." The effect of any remedy applied to the mind is usually either to reform the affections really and truly, or else to conceal them, and sometimes to pretend and represent them; "of the former sort whereof the examples are plentiful in the schools of philosophers, and in all other institutions of moral virtue; and of the other sort the examples are more plentiful in the courts of princes and in all politic traffic; where it is ordinary to find, not only profound dissimulations, and suffocating the affections, that no note or mark appear of them outwardly; but also lively simulations and affectations, carrying the tokens of passions which are not, as risus jussus (the commanded laugh) and lacrymae coactae (the forced tears), and the like." The proper subject indicated by the title of the paper is then entered upon, but only in a few undigested notes. "The intellectual powers," it is observed, "have fewer means to work upon them than the will or body of man; but the one that prevaileth, that is, exercise, worketh more forcibly in them than in the rest." 'Five Points' relating to the subject of Exercises are afterwards set down; and then the following remarks are made in conclusion:

The exercises in the universities and schools are of memory and invention; either to speak by heart that which is set down verbatim, or to speak extempore; whereas there is little use in action of either or both; but most things which we utter are neither verbally premeditated nor merely extemporal. Therefore exercise would be framed to take a little breathing and to consider of heads; and then to fit and form the speech extempore. This would be done in two manners; both with writing and tables, and without; for in most actions it is permitted and passable to use the note, whereunto if a man be not accustomed, it will put him out.

There is no use of a narrative memory in accademiis, namely, with circumstances of times, persons, and places, and with

names; and it is one art to discourse and another to relate and describe; and herein use and action is most conversant.

Also to sum up and contract, is a thing in action of very general use.

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This paper, or at least the first part of it, was sent by Bacon to his friend, the learned Sir Henry Saville, Provost of Eton College, accompanied with a letter in which he tells Sir Henry that the thoughts he had hastily set down had occurred to him as he was returning home from a visit he had made to him on his invitation at Eton, where," says he, "I had refreshed myself with company which I loved." Sir Henry Saville was Provost of Eton from 1596 till his death in February, 1622. It is probable that this letter was addressed to him towards the close of his incumbency. He was succeeded as Provost by Mr. Thomas Murray, who, however, held the office only for a few months, having died on the 1st of April, 1623. Upon the occurrence of this last vacancy, or rather when it was anticipated, Bacon, in his fallen fortunes, made application for the place. Among his Letters published by Birch (1763) is one to Mr. Secretary Conway, dated from Gray's Inn, the 25th of March, in which he says, "Good Mr. Secretary, when you did me the honour and favour to visit me, you did not only in general terms express your love unto me, but, as a real friend, asked me whether I had any particular occasion wherein I might make use of you. At that time I had none; now there is one fallen. It is, that Mr. Thomas Murray, Provost of Eton, whom I love very well, is like to die. It were a pretty cell for my fortune. The college and school I do not doubt but I shall make to flourish. His majesty, when I waited on him, took notice of my wants, and said to me, that, as he was a king, he would have care of me. This is a thing somebody would have; and costs his majesty nothing." Inclosed was a shorter note to the king, in which we find him repeating the pathetic expression-"Your beadsman addresseth himself to your majesty for a cell to retire into." Conway's reply, dated Royston, March 27th, informs Bacon

that he had delivered his letter to the king; adding, "I will give you his majesty's answer, which was; That he could not value you so little, or conceive you would have humbled your desires and your worth so low; that it had been a great deal of ease to him to have had such a scantling of your mind, to which he could never have laid so unequal a measure." His majesty, Conway goes on to state, further said that, since Bacon's intentions moved that way, he would study his accommodation; and, although a sort of engagement had been already made with a Sir William Becher, he expressed a hope that some other way might perhaps be found of satisfying that person. Becher, it appears, had obtained a promise of the place from the Marquis (soon after this created Duke) of Buckingham, who was now in Spain, and upon whose friendship Bacon would otherwise have chiefly relied. "My most noble friend, the marquis," he had said in writing to Conway, "is now absent. Next to him I could not think of a better address than to yourself, as one likest to put on his affection." He continued, however, to press the matter. Acknowledging Conway's answer on the 31st, he wrote:-"I am very much bound to his majesty, and I pray you, Sir, thank his majesty most humbly for it, that, notwithstanding the former designment of Sir William Becher, his majesty, as you write, is not out of hope, in due time, to accommodate me of this cell, and to satisfy him otherwise. Many conditions, no doubt, may be as contenting to that gentleman, and his years may expect them. But there will hardly fall, especially in the spent hour-glass of my life, anything so fit for me, being a retreat to a place of study so near London, and where, if I sell my house at Gorhambury, as I purpose to do, to put myself in some convenient plenty,

may be accommodated of a dwelling for summer-time. And, therefore, good Mr. Secretary, further this his majesty's good intention by all means, if the place fall." He had also written in urgent though general terms both to Buckingham on the 30th, and to Count Gondomar on the 28th, intrusting the letters, and, as it would seem, the specific explanation of what he wanted, to Sir John

Epsley, who was then setting out for Spain. And perhaps another letter, entreating his friendly services, which he sent to Gondomar soon after by Mr. Tobie Matthew, may relate to the same affair. In the end, however, the Provostship was given neither to Bacon nor to Sir William Becher, but to Sir Henry Wotton, who was inducted on the 26th of July, 1624.

Bacon received no other place or office. His only cell of rest continued to be his old lodgings in Gray's Inn Square, from which, however, he occasionally retired to his country-seat at Gorhambury. "He died," says Dr. Rawley, on the 9th day of April in the year 1626, in the early morning of the day then celebrated for our Saviour's resurrection, in the sixty-sixth year of his age, at the Earl of Arundel's house in Highgate, near London, to which place he casually repaired about a week before; God so ordaining, that he should die there of a gentle fever, accidentally accompanied with a great cold, whereby the defluxion of rheum fell so plentifully upon his breast that he died by suffocation." A short time before his death he dictated the following letter to Lord Arundel, from which we learn the circumstances under which he had repaired to his Lordship's house:-" My very good Lord, I was likely to have had the fortune of Caius Plinius the Elder, who lost his life by trying an experiment about the burning of the mount Vesuvius; for I was also desirous to try an experiment or two, touching the conservation and induration of bodies. As for the experiment itself, it succeeded excellently well; but in the journey, between London and Highgate, I was taken with such a fit of casting [vomiting], as I knew not whether it were the stone, or some surfeit, or cold, or indeed a touch of them all three. But when I came to your lordship's house, I was not able to go back, and therefore was forced to take up my lodging here, where your housekeeper is very careful and diligent about me; which I assure myself your lordship will not only pardon towards him, but think the better of him for it. For indeed your lordship's house was happy to me; and I kiss your noble hands for the welcome which I am sure you give me to

it. I know how unfit it is for me to write to your lordship with any other hand than mine own; but, by my troth, my fingers are so disjointed with this fit of sickness, that I cannot steadily hold a pen." It is evident, however, that Bacon did not think he was dying when this was written. John Aubrey relates, that when Bacon was attacked by his illness he was accompanied by Dr. Witherborne, the King's Physician, and that, seeing snow on the ground as they approached Highgate, coming from London, they alighted out of the coach and went into a poor woman's house at the foot of Highgate Hill, where they bought a hen, and stuffed the body with snow, Bacon assisting in the operation with his own hands. Aubrey further states that the bed into which he was put at Lord Arundel's house was damp, and had not been slept in for a year before. He breathed his last in the arms of his friend, and relation by marriage, Sir Julius Caesar, the Master of the Robes, who had been sent for at the commencement of his illness.