and 12,399 yen ($3,446) in 1933-34. The total of such expenditures during the last 5 years amounted to 104,162 yen ($42,058).

(c) Regional assistance.-Appropriations for regional assistance are to be found in the budgets of two ministries, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and the Ministry of Home Affairs. The former appropriates much the larger amount. These subsidies are granted to prefectural governments to assist them in making appropriations for the fishing industry in their districts. The budgets of the two ministries simply designate the recipient districts; the actual distribution is evidently left to the discretion of the prefectural governments. It is possible that the latter grant direct aid to their fisheries, and thus a portion of the national subsidy is ultimately expended as direct assistance, but from the information available such instances cannot be ascertained.

The annual amount of regional assistance granted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry fluctuated between 327,657 yen ($162,006) in 1930-31 and 60,957 yen ($17,854) in 1934-35, and totaled 893,653 yen ($359,524) for the last 5 years. During the same period the Ministry of Home Affairs granted regional assistance ranging from 39,767 yen ($19,662) in 1930-31 to 31,897 yen ($9,342) in 1934-35, with a 5-year total of 174,717 yen ($62,443).

(d) Exemption from customs duties. Special privileges are granted to Japanese fisheries under the terms of the customs tariff law, which provides that mineral oils imported for use in motors and boilers in fisheries enterprises shall be exempt from import duties.

It is impossible to determine the magnitude of the benefit accruing separately to fishermen by virtue of this exemption. The same exemption, moreover, is extended to mining, industrial, and transportation enterprises using imported mineral oil.

II. Other governmental aid

FACILITATION SERVICES

The major portion of governmental assistance to fisheries is extended in the form of expenditures for research and scientific investigations port facilities, and similar facilitation services. Funds appropriated for these services, together with administrative expenditures, in 1930-31 represented almost 57 percent and in 1933-34 about 88 percent of the Government's total expenditures for fisheries. The specific types of services are discussed below.

(a) Research and scientific investigations of the governmentsupported experimental stations cover a wide variety of activities, such as study of the habitats of fish, their food values, preservation methods, etc. As a whole, these activities are comparable with those rendered by like establishments in the United States and other countries.

(b) Seal protection during the period under examination necessitated annual outlays ranging from 217,612 yen ($63,735) in 1934-35 to 153,585 yen ($38,121) in 1932-33. These amounts are eventually recovered from the sums accruing to the Japanese Government as its share from the proceeds of sale of seal skins under the provisions of the Multilateral Convention of 1911, dealing with the protection of seals.

(c) Expenditures for the enforcement of the Russo-Japanese treaty on fishing and for the preparation of a new treaty appear in the budget of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry under the heading International Conventions and their Enforcement. During the 5 years, 1930-31 to 1934-35, the sums appropriated for this purpose fluctuated between 58,855 yen ($29,100) in 1930-31 and 89,846 yen ($26,315) in 1934-35.

(d) A relatively small amount, ranging from 36,029 yen ($8,943) in 1932-33 to 69,744 yen ($20,427) in 1934-35, is appropriated annually for guilds and associations. This appropriation differs from the one discussed under direct subsidies in that it is designed to improve and promote fishermen's organizations, ws well as popularize their activities, rather than to insure direct benefits to individuals. The major portion of it is granted for the establishment of directorates in guilds.

(e) A small amount, 6,000 yen ($1,757), appears for the first time in the 1934-35 budget for the construction of warehouses and the equipment of ships belonging to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, evidently to be used in fisheries service.

(f) Under a ministerial ordinance, dating back to 1926, the Japanese Government grants aid to fish propagation, if undertaken by prefectural governments or fisheries organizations. The amount thus granted may not exceed 70 percent of the expenses involved. This cannot be classified as a direct subsidy, because it applies to noncommercial activities. Moreover, it is not available to those who already have received any other subsidy.

(g) The grants for proper fishing port facilities are the most important of the facilitation services provided for by the Japanese Government. Expenditures for such purposes, appropriated through the budgets of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and that of Home Affairs, were very large in 1932-33, and even larger in 1933-34, owing to unusually extensive port repairs in the Hokkaido district. It is possible that within this program private fishing-port facilities were also aided by the Government, although the budgets do not disclose such instances. Total expenditures for port facilities in the last 5 years represented from 35 to 78 percent of the government's total expenditures for fisheries and amounted to 61 percent in 1934-35. Funds appropriated by the Japanese Government for facilitation services during the period 1930–31 to 1934–35 are itemized in table 43.

ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENDITURES

Appropriations for purely administrative services have in recent years ranged between 422,088 and 611,910 yen.

89, 156

161, 085

44, 771

217, 612

63, 735

36, 029

20, 427

1, 757

MISCELLANEOUS CORRESPONDENCE

RESOLUTION Adopted at Eighteenth Convention of THE AMERICAN Legion, DEPARTMENT of Alaska, RESOLUTION No. 8, VESSELS IN ALASKA WATERS

Whereas the Alaska salmon-packing industry furnishes the major portion of the canned salmon consumed in the United States; and

Whereas the Alaska fisheries give employment to many thousand persons of Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and California during the canning season each year; and

Whereas many millions of dollars are invested in the salmon-packing industry by citizens of the United States; and

Whereas the bulk of the revenue of Alaska which provides for the payment of old-age pensions for the relief of indigents, widows and orphan children, the support of the Territorial school system, the building of roads, trails and airplane landing fields, is derived from the taxation of canned salmon; and

Whereas the foreign fishing interests have invaded the salmon banks in Bristol Bay and Bering Sea, using methods and types of fishing gear which will ultimately exterminate the salmon run in those areas and which are not consistent with the policy of conservation and protection adopted by the United States through the Department of Commerce; now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the American Legion, Department of Alaska, in Eighteenth Annual Convention assembled at Anchorage, Alaska, September 20-22, 1937, That the American Legion, Department of Alaska, protests the presence of foreign fishing vessels in Bristol Bay and waters adjacent thereto; and be it further

Resolved, That the American Legion, Department of Alaska, urgently requests the introduction and passage of a bill similar to H. R. 7552, a bill heretofore fostered by Delegate to Congress from Alaska, Anthony J. Dimond, providing for the establishment of salmon fishery laws enforcement areas by declaration of the President of the United States in such places in the Bering Sea and Bristol Bay where the waters thereof do not exceed 100 fathoms in depth; and, it further providing that the salmon spawned in the waters of Alaska be declared to be the property of the United States; and also extending the jurisdiction of the United States to a distance of 4 leagues from outward the shores of Alaska; and be it further

Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be mailed to the Honorable Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States; the Honorable Cordell Hull, Secretary of State; the Honorable Daniel C. Roper, Secretary of Commerce; the Honorable Anthony J. Dimond, Delegate to Congress from Alaska; Mr. S. O. Bland, chairman of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries; Senators Lewis Schwellenbach and Homer T. Bone from the State of Washington.

Adopted September 22, 1937.

RESOLUTION

Whereas the Bristol Bay area of Alaska supplies the United States with the major part of the higher grades of salmon; and

Whereas the salmon caught in Bristol Bay, which is really inland waters, are spawned in the streams and lakes of Alaska, and can properly be classed as fish of Alaska; and

Whereas the greater portion of the taxes derived by the Territory of Alaska for the maintenance of our school system, payment of aged pioneer pensions, the care of widows and dependent children, and the building of trails, airplane land fields, and roads, comes from the salmon-packing industry; and

Whereas the United States Government, through the Bureau of Fisheries, overa number of years, has formulated rules and regulations which tend to conserve and perpetuate the salmon run in that area which gives employment to thousands of Alaskans and to residents of Washington, Oregon, and California yearly; and. Whereas the Japanese fishing interests have entered into the said area with large vessels and have engaged in the fishing for salmon, cod, crabs, and other food fish with methods which will eventually deplete and exhaust the run of salmon and other species of fish in Bristol Bay: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Cordova Chamber of Commerce protests against the continued operations of the Japanese fishing fleet in the waters of Bristol Bay and the waters of Bering Sea east of longitude 170° west; and that the said waters be declared to be inland waters of the United States and proper steps be taken to prohibit alien fishing therein; and be it further

Resolved, That the Cordova Chamber of Commerce protests against the United States entering into any agreement or treaty which would allow any foreign nation

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or their nationals to construct canneries on the mainland of Alaska and take from the waters mentioned herein any stipulated amount of salmon; and be it further Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be mailed to the Honorable Cordell Hull, Secretary of State; Anthony J. Dimond, Delegate to Congress from Alaska; the chairman of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the United States Senate; the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the House of Representatives; Senators Schwellenbach and Bone of Washington; and a copy spread upon the minutes of the Cordova Chamber of Commerce.

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE CONVENTION OF THE FEDERATED FISHERMEN'S COUNCIL OF THE PACIFIC COAST AND ALASKA (JANUARY 3, 1938)

RESOLUTION

Whereas the Japanese Government has already appropriated money for 3 years scientific investigation of the possibility of the commercial development of the salmon fisheries off the Alaska coast, and actually did maintain such a vessel during the 1936 season. It is obvious that the Japanese are planning to extend the operations of their floating salmon canneries so as to intercept, in extraterritorial waters, runs of salmon bound for the Alaska spawning grounds;

and

Whereas Japanese commercial interests, on February 23, 1937, in Seattle, indicated their intention of carrying on these operations in the Bering Sea, which operations would be to the detriment of American fishermen, cannery workers, and all others connected with the industry, as the salmon which would be caught are American fish, spawned in Alaska streams, returning to Alaska streams to lay their eggs, and protected by stringent United States Government regulations imposed on American fishermen and packers; and

Whereas representatives of Japanese fisheries concerns and agents of the Japanese Government are now approaching American citizens and American corporations for the purpose of inducing the latter to engage in joint operations in the extraterritorial waters of the United States; and

Whereas such offshore fishing operations contemplated by the Japanese are not for the purpose of feeding their own people, who consume very little canned salmon produced by Japanese canners, but for the purpose of selling this salmon in the markets of the world in competition with American salmon, thereby still further damaging our markets for canned salmon, with increased unemployment and loss to American fishermen, cannery workers, and packers; and

Whereas the salmon runs in Alaska have been built up over a long period of years under the stringent regulations of the United States Government, through its Bureau of Fisheries, which have required great sacrifices on the part of the fishermen, cannery workers, and packers in order to build up these runs of salmon. Great damages would thereby be done by breaking down the conservation program of the Government and eventual destruction of an important American resource, which pays annually approximately 75 percent of the taxes of the Territory of Alaska, because such foreign offshore operations would be entirely outside of any control or regulation; and

Whereas through present regulations and restrictions by the Bureau of Fisheries a large number of fishermen are unable to obtain employment in the fisheries of the Bristol Bay area; and

Whereas the native population of the coastal regions of Alaska is supported almost entirely by fishing operations or working in salmon canneries and upon steamship lines which derive their support largely from the fishing industry; and Whereas, upon testimony of the Japanese cannery operators themselves, the wages paid to their fishermen and cannery workers are practically only one-third or one-foruth of those paid under our American standards of living, making it impossible for the produce of American fisheries to compete in world markets with the prices of the Japanese product; and

Whereas the entrance of the Japanese into offshore Alaska fishing operations would result in the diversion of raw material in the form of fish to such an extent that American fishermen and American cannery workers would suffer irreparably from increased unemployment; and

Whereas any treaty on this subject with any foreign nation, unless it specifically recognizes an exclusive proprietary right of the United States in the salmon native to Alaska, could have the effect only of granting to the nationals of another