eighteen boys maintained by the church, he is also to teach all others that shall resort to his school." The usher, or second master, is also to have an unexceptionable character, similar to that required of the head master; and they are "to teach such books and rules, and follow such order as the dean and chapter, with the bishop's assent, shall prescribe." This establishment has, for many years past, enjoyed a high reputation, both from the respectability and attainments of its teachers, and the many distinguished persons who have been educated within its walls. Among its eminent scholars, we find the present Bishop of Chester; the Ven. Archdeacon Thorp, D.D.; the Rev. Ralph Tatham, D.D., Master of St. John's College, Cambridge; the Rev. Frederic C. Plumptre, D.D., Master of University College, Oxford; Viscount Hardinge; Sir Roderick I. Murchison, F.R.S.; Robert Cadell, the eminent publisher of the works of Sir Walter Scott, &c., &c. There are eighteen King's Scholarships, of the annual value of nearly £40 (£30 in money, besides exemption from classical fees), tenable at the school for four years, to which period a fifth may be added at the discretion of the dean. The dean and chapter fill up the vacancies every year, on the first Saturday after the 20th November, by examination; and any one under fifteen years of age, whether previously at the school or not, is admissible as a candidate, provided lways that his parents are not in wealthy circumstances. The following scholarships and exhibitions are attached to the school, at the universities:Two scholarships of 15 a year each, founded by Dr. Hartwell, canon of Durham, and tenable at any college or hall at Oxford or Cambridge. Five scholarships of £10 a year each, founded by Bishop Cosin, at St. Peter's College, Cambridge. Six scholarships of £10 a year each, at St. John's College, Cambridge. One scholarship, at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, of £16 a year, for which a preference is given to Durham and Newcastle schools. One scholarship, of £30 a year, at the University of Durham. One scholarship, of £15 a year, at the University of Durham. One exhibition, of £40 a year, founded by Ralph Lindsay, Esq., formerly a king's scholar at Durham school, and tenable at the University of Durham by natives of the diocese who have been educated at the school for three years. The Patynson Scholarship, of Christ's College, Cambridge (value about £20 a year), was founded by Dr. Patynson, with a preference to natives of Northumberland, or, in default of such, to natives of the diocese of Durham; in default of such again, it is open to all. The nomination to it is vested in the dean and chapter of Durham, who are not obliged, however, to nominate a boy from their own school. Governors: the dean and chapter. Head Master: Rev. Henry Holden, MA. Second Master: Rev. Henry Stoke, M.A. Mathematical Master: Rev. T. C. Durham, M.A. First Assistant Master: E. H. Goldsmith; Second Assistant and Foreign Language Master: Mr. Brunner. Arithmetic and Writing Master: Mr. Forster. Drawing Master: Mr. Newton.

DURHAM UNITED BLUE COAT AND SUNDAY SCHOOLS. - This establishment, erected in 1810-11, is situated on the south side of Claypath, and comprises two large school-rooms, with class-rooms, &c, annexed. The Blue Coat School had its origin in 1708, in the application of some portion of the charitable funds of the city; only six boys were then educated, but, in 1786, six girls were added to the establishment. In 1753, seven additional boys were admitted, in consequence of a bequest from Mrs. Ann Carr, of the interest of £500. From 1718, the Blue Coat School had been kept in the New Place, an old house belonging to the corporation, near the church of St. Nicholas (recently taken down, and the site occupied by the new markets). In 1810, the Sunday Schools were united to the Blue Coat School, and the present buildings were erected for their reception. The new schools were opened in January, 1812. In the year 1851, an infant school was added, which has always been well filled, and is now of great importance as a place of sound preparation for other schools. The total average attendance at these schools is 498 children. President: the Ven. Archdeacon Thorp. Vice Presidents: the Dean of Durham, Rev. Dr. Townsend, Rev. Canon Douglas, Rev. Canon Jenkyns, A. Wilkinson, Esq., J. F. Elliot, Esq. Treasurer: Jas. Brooksbank, Esq. Secretary: Rev. James Raine. Superintendent: Rev. John G. Cromwell. Teachers; J. Reed, Miss Greener, and Miss Allen.

DURHAM DIOCESAN TRAINING SCHOOL. This school is delightfully situated on that part of the banks of the Wear, called Pelaw Leazes, near Gilesgate, and commands interesting views of the city and neighbourhood. It was established in October, 1811, and has for its object, as its name implies, the preparation of pupils for the profession of schoolmasters, Candidates must be communicants of the Church of England, not under sixteen years of age. and must produce certificates of baptism and character, signed by the minister of their respective parishes, and one of health, signed by a surgeon, when they appear for the admission examination. This examination embraces reading, spelling, grammar, scripture history, general religions knowledge, the church catechism, geography and arithmetic. The payment required from the pupils is at the rate of £20 a-year, payable in advance, at the commencement of each term. The committee, however, offers to the competition of the most deserving students five exhibitions of £10 and six of £5 each, tenable for one year, but renewable for the same period, if an exhibitioner shall show at the annual examination that he has made great progress during the preceding year; and all pupils above 20 years of age are eligible, at the end of their just year's residence, for Queen's Scholarships of £20 or £25. These limitations do not apply to pupil teachers, who may obtain Queen's Scholarships at the first examination that follows the completion of their apprenticeship. Instruction is given in-I. Scripture and ecclesiastical history, evidences, exposition of scripture, the church catechism, liturgy and the thirty-nine articles. II. History.-III. Geography. IV. Gramurar.-V. Mathematics.-VI. Agricultural chemistry. VII. Vocal music.--VIII. Model drawing. A large garden is cultivated by the pupils; and those who show an aptitude, have opportunities of using bookbinders' and carpenters' tools. The usual period of training extends over two years. The pupils attend the practising school a stated number of times during the week, where they are practised in the art of teaching. On Sundays they attend, in rotation, the services of the Cathedral; while those not at the Cathedral are engaged at the Sundayschool connected with the practising school, and accompany the children to

church.

In the annual report of the sub-committee of management, presented January 11th, 1855, it is stated, that during the year 1854 nineteen pupils - have been admitted into the Training School, ten have been sent out to schools, and thirty were resident in the institution at the end of the year. The examination held in December, 1853, resulted in the award of certificates to sixteen pupils. This was the second occasion when every candidate presented for examination succeeded in gaining a certificate of merit. At the examination held at Christmas, 1854, twenty-three students were presented as candidates, twenty of whom gained certificates. A new dormitory, kitchens, &c. have been recently erected, at a cost of £1,107 18s. 8d., towards which the

Privy Council contributed £450, and the National Society £110. In making these alterations, due care has been taken to provide better means than were before possessed for maintaining good discipline, and for enforcing those habits of order, propriety, and cleanliness, which it is so essential to inculcate upon the teachers of elementary schools. The possibility of a further extension of the school has not been overlooked, and the recent alterations have been so contrived that additional accommodation could be provided at no very considerable expense.

The Society of the Durham Diocesan Training School is governed by a committee, which consists of the Bishop of Durham, the Dean and Chapter of Durham, the Archdeacons of Durham, Northumberland, and Lindisfarne, and two deputies, one of whom at least shall be a layman, appointed by the subscribers in each of the following deaneries:-Stockton, Darlington, Easington, Chester, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Corbridge (including Hexhamshire), and in the remainder of the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne.

COMMITTEE, AS AT PRESENT CONSTITUTED. -The Bishop of Durham, president; the Dean and Chapter of Durham; the Archdeacons of Durham, Northumberland, and

Lindisfarne.

DEANERY DEPUTIES.-County of Durham. - Stockton-T. R. Grey, Esq.; Rev. T. L. Strong, Sedgefield. Darlington--J. H. Aylmer, Esq., Walworth Castle; Rev. W. Beckett, Heighington. Chester-Ralph Carr, Esq., Dunston Hill; Rev. James Carr, South Shields. Easington-Rowland Bourdon, Esq., Castle Eden; Rev. A. Bethune, Seaham. County of Northumberland. - Newcastle-John Clayton, Esq., Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Rev. C. Reed, Tynemouth. Corbridge (including Hexhamshire)-W. B. Beaumont, Esq.; Rev. F. Gipps. The Archdeaconry of Lindisfarne-The Earl Grey, Howick; Rev. Dixon Clark, Belford. Morpeth-J. H. Atkinson, Esq., Angerton; Hon. and Rev. F. R. Grey, Morpeth.

The management of the Training School is vested in a sub-committee of not less than five, nor more than seven, named by the committee: the treasurer and secretary being members ex officio.

PRESENT SUB-COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT. - The Dean of Durham; the Archdeacon of Durham; Rev. Professor Jenkyns; R. Burdon, Esq.; John Fawcett, Esq.; Rev. James Raine; and Henry Stapylton, Esq.; treasurer-J. F. Elliott, Esq.; secretary-Rev. J. D. Eade.

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.-Chairman of the sub-committee of management-The Dean of Durham; principal-Rev. J. G. Cromwell, M.A.; vice-principal-Rev. R. D. Dingle, B.A.; treasurer-J. F. Elliott, Esq.; secretary-Rev. John D. Eade, M.A.; master of practising school - Mr. John Fish; singing-master - Mr. Ashton; drawingmaster-Mr. W. Newton.

DURHAM SCHOOL OF ART. - This institution was established in January 1853, and has already more than realised the expectations of its promoters. From April 1854 to April 1855, the number of individual students who have attended the school for various periods has been-40 in the morning class, and 70 in the evening class; the four subscribing schools give a further addition of 100, which makes a total of 210 students who have received art instruction, more or less through the instrumentality of the institution. At the present time there are 20 in the morning class, and 39 in the evening class. Several medals have been gained during the last two years by scholars of this school, and the department of science and art has also appointed two of the students pupil teachers. The attendance at the evening class continues steady, which shows that the institution is productive of benefit to the city. To increase its usefulness some additions to its stock of examples are desirable, for both morning and evening classes; and for the use of the latter a small library of works of art should be, if possible, obtained.

the 1

Patron, the Dean of Durham; treasurer, J. Howison, Esq.; hon. sec., Rev. T. C. Durham; drawing master, Mr. G. Newton.

THE RAGGED SCHOOL, Clock Mill, Millburngate, has for its object to relieve the public from juvenile vagrancy, mendicancy, and consequent depravity. To rescue as many children as possible from degradation and misery; to prepare them for a useful and respectable course of life; to try the power of kindness over the young and destitute; and thus to discharge a Christian duty towards a class which particularly requires attention and amelioration. Chairman of committee, Rev. J. Cundill; treasurer, Mr. Backhouse; secretary, Mr. Bonomi; teacher, Miss Carter.

ST. OSWALD'S NATIONAL SCHOOL, Church-street Head, was erected in 1815, at a cost of about £1,500. It is a substantial stone building, comprising schools for boys, girls, and infants, and is numerously attended. There is a dwelling-house and garden for the master, at the back of the school. William Lawson, Flora Watson, and Fanny Porter, teachers.

ST. CUTHBERT'S (CATHOLIC) SCHOOL is a neat stone structure, beautifully situated in Old Elvet, and is attended by about 120 children of both sexes. Thomas Chapman and Miss Malone, teachers.

THE WESLEYAN DAY AND SUNDAY SCHOOLS, situated in New Elvet, were erected in 1847, at an expense of £295. They are supported by voluntary subscriptions. Johu Champion, teacher.

Besides the above there are infant schools in Framwellgate and Gilesgate; Sunday-schools in connection with the various churches and chapels; and several private academies and boarding schools, the situation of which, with the names of the teachers, will be found in the Directory.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS, INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETIES, ETC.

THE CASTLE. This spacious and ancient structure is situated on the north side of the Palace Green, and is supposed to have been first built by William the Conqueror, who, in the year 1072, ordered a fortress to be erected here, to secure the governor of the province from tumult and insurrection, and also to protect the bishop and his church. On the erection of Framwellgate Bridge, the fortifications were continued from the keep along the brow of the hill, so as to command the passage. This part of the castle was destroyed by fire in the time of Bishop Pudsey, who rebuilt it about the year 1174. Several additions were made to the edifice in 1348, by Bishop Hatfield, who erected the great hall, and also the constable's hall; but the latter, which is described as having "two princely seats, one at each end," was altered by Bishop Fox, about the year 1494, and part of it converted into a kitchen, and stewards' apartments. A staircase tower and a new chapel were built by Bishop Tunstall. The fabric was repaired and enlarged in 1619, by Bishop Neile, at an expense of £3,000; and Charles I., when entertained here by Bishop Morton, expressed his approbation of the alterations. The castle was sold by the parliament to Thomas Andrews, lord mayor of London, May 2nd, 1649, for the sum of £1,267 Os. 10d., when it was miserably defaced. After the Restoration, Bishop Cosin placed it in a complete state of repair; and during the episcopacy of Bishop Crewe the chapel was enlarged, a portion of the tower rebuilt, and the structure adorned with new windows. Bishop Butler, in 1752, began to rebuild a great part of the north wall, and to insert several new gothic windows, which were finished by his successor, Bishop Trevor, who made considerable additions. Bishop Barrington, in 1791, rebuilt Tunstall's Gateway, and cleared the arch of

Pudsey's great doorway from the numerous coats of white-wash which had from Tunstall's time downwards, concealed its splendid decorations. Several other improvements were effected during the latter part of Bishop Barrington's episcopacy; and his successors, Bishops Van Mildert and Maltby have continued the work of restoration.

The most ancient part of the castle is the keep, a lofty octagon of irregular sides, supposed by some to have been originally the work of William the Conqueror, but afterwards re-built by Bishop Hatfield. It occupies the summit of an artificial mount, forty-four feet high, and is supposed to be supported by crypt work beneath. Since the appropriation of the castle to the University, the keep has been admirably restored under the superintendence of Mr. Salvin. The rest of the building is a curious mixture of different and utterly incongruous styles; which, however, produce an effect perhaps more pleasing than a rigid adherence to any one would have done. The various styles, too, form an interesting guide to the chronology of the place. From the Norman chapel of the Conqueror-the more ornate Norman of Pudsey - the richly decorated style of Hatfield's magnificent hall-down to Cosin's Ionic columus and Italian screen work, all the changes in architectural taste may be dis tinctly traced. Hatfield's great hall, with its open roof of oak, is stil still a nolle apartment; it is now used as the dining hall of University College. Its walls are adorned with the portraits of Bishop Van Mildert, the last count palatine, and other founders of the University. Adjacent to this hall, on the north side, and once forming part of it, is a parlour, which contains, amongst other interesting relics, two old paintings, representing the castle and cathedral as they were two centuries ago. From this parlour a door leads to the great staircase, by which we may proceed to the drawing room of the castle, and some of the state apartments. A door at the foot of this staircase gives access to a gallery, hung with some ancient tapestry, leading to the chapel, a building with few pretensions to architectural elegance, of the time of Bishop Tunstall. On the north side of this gallery is a richly ornamented Norman door-way, of the date of Pudsey, which had been long concealed by lath and plaster, but was restored to light under the auspices of Bishop Barrington. The most ancient portion of the castle is the Old Chapel, which may with certainty be assigned to the time of William I., and is an interesting specimen of the Norman style. It was long shut up, or used as a receptacle for fuel and lumber, but since it came into the possession of the University it has been treated with a little more respect. The castle is no longer the property of the bishop; and had not the University been founded when it was, this interesting relic of antiquity would have become the property of the ecclesiastical commissioners, " in which case," says a local writer, "it might, perchance, have been sold to some successful stock jobber, or millionaire, railway contractor; perchance have been converted into a mechanics' institute, museum, or a mustard manufactory."

THE TOWN HALL. -The old Town Hall, on the west side of the Market Place, was erected and given to the city by Bishop Tunstall, about the year 1555. It is not known whether there was a Common Hall prior to the building of this edifice; but there was a Toll Booth in the centre of the Market Place, where weights and measures were adjusted. In 1752 and 1754, the edifice was partly re-built and enlarged, and a new cupola added to the centre of the roof. This edifice, though suitable at the time of its erection, became at length too small for the increasing business of the city, and in 1849, the mayor, William Henderson, Esq., suggested the erection of